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21 These laws establish requirements based on the long-term care facility type and the type of vaccination requirements. Long-term care facilities “provide a variety of services, both medical and personal care, to people who are unable to manage independently in the community.” 20 Examples of long-term care facilities include nursing homes and skilled nursing facilities, among others. To learn more, visit CDC’s Vaccine Information for Adults web page for information about this and other recommended vaccines.
In many cases, a single law specifies the applicable healthcare facility and also identifies whether the law applies to all or particular patient populations or to all or particular employee populations.ĬDC recommends that all adults receive the flu vaccine annually. Because of these range of categories, each law can be assessed from different angles. 19 Specifically, it reviews these laws based on the facilities and individuals the requirements apply to, type of requirement, and the exemptions permitted under the law. 18 This menu assesses and gives examples of state laws that expressly establish flu vaccination requirements for long-term care facility healthcare workers and patients. Twenty-four states establish flu vaccination requirements for long-term care facility healthcare workers, 17 and 32 states establish requirements for long-term care facility patients. 15 Yet in long-term care facilities, where residents are often aged 65 years or older, vaccination among healthcare workers is particularly important because flu vaccine effectiveness can be lower in elderly populations. 14 Flu vaccine coverage rates for healthcare workers in long-term care settings are often lower than in other healthcare facilities, such as hospitals and ambulatory care facilities. 13 Vaccination of healthcare providers has been associated with reduced work absenteeism and with fewer deaths among nursing home patients and elderly hospitalized patients. 12 The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends annual flu vaccination for all healthcare personnel to reduce flu-related morbidity and mortality among both healthcare personnel and their patients. Healthcare-associated infections, which can include flu, 10 are “infections that occur during the course of healthcare delivery.” 11 In healthcare settings, flu can be spread by healthcare workers passing germs from hands or clothes to other workers or to patients. 8 During the 1976–2007 flu seasons, an estimated yearly average of 21,098 flu-related deaths occurred among adults aged ≥65 years, corresponding to 90% of estimated annual average deaths across all age groups. Deaths associated with flu are most frequent among older adults. 7 Each year, 5% to 20% of US residents get the flu. 6 Flu is primarily a community-based infection that is transmitted in households and community settings. The healthcare worker must wear a surgical mask during influenza (flu) season if he or she has been exempted from or declined flu vaccination 5įlu can be a serious disease that can lead to hospitalization and sometimes even death anyone can get very sick from flu, including people who are otherwise healthy. The healthcare facility must require a healthcare worker or patient to demonstrate proof of vaccination or immunity against a specific vaccine preventable disease 4 Administrative Requirements for Ensuring Vaccination.The healthcare facility must offer a vaccination to a healthcare worker or patient 3 Administrative Requirements for Offering Vaccination.The healthcare facility must assess a healthcare worker or patient’s vaccination status 2 Depending on the vaccine, the legal requirements might apply to either patients, healthcare workers, or both, and can include the following types of provisions:
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1 In some instances, facilities are establishing these requirements under mandates set forth by state statutes or regulations. To reduce the risk of disease transmission and outbreaks, healthcare facilities across the country are increasingly requiring healthcare workers to be vaccinated for certain vaccine-preventable diseases.
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This menu is one of a series of menus assessing vaccination requirements for patients and healthcare workers (HCW) in healthcare facilities.